Endodontic treatment is necessary when deep cavities or dental injuries involves dental pulp (nerve).
This procedure consists in removing dental pulp and replacing it with a thermoplastic material (gutta-percha) and root canal cement, after proper cleansing/disinfection and shaping of the root canals.
Periapical lesions (granuloma, abscess), can be treated with a surgical-endodontic approach when orthograde root canal treatment/retreatment is not possible or unsuccessful.